Chrome vs. Chromium - Chemistry FAQ

Have you ever wondered what the difference is between chrome and chromium? Chromium is an element. It is a hard, corrosion-resistant transition metal. Chrome, which you may see as decorative trim on cars and motorcycles or to harden tools used for industrial processes, is an electroplated layer of chromium over another metal. Either hexavalent chromium or trivalent chromium may be used to produce chrome. The electroplating chemicals for both processes are toxic and regulated in many countries. Hexavalent chromium is extremely toxic, so trivalent chrome or tri-chrome tends to be more popular for modern applications. In 2007 hexa-chrome was banned for use on automobiles in Europe. Some chrome for industrial uses remains hexa-chrome because the corrosion resistance of hexa-chrome plating tends to exceed that of tri-chrome plating. Its interesting to note that prior to the 1920s the decorating plating on automobiles was nickel and not chrome. Key Takeaways: Chrome vs Chromium Chrome and chromium are not the same substances, although they are related to each other.Chromium is element number 24 on the periodic table. It is a transition metal.Chrome is the name given to chromium when it is electroplated over another metal. It often contains chromium oxide, which protects the underlying metal from corrosion.

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients - 1061 Words

Due to the extensive procedures surrounding treatment, patients often experience a variety of physical and psychological symptoms and side effects that negatively impact their quality of life and ability to cope with and manage an illness. Providing a choice of music during a receptive music therapy session may not only distract the patient from negative affective states, but also may provide a sense of autonomy and control over a patient s immediate environment. The purpose of the essay was to determine whether receptive music therapy can improve two general dimensions of emotional experience and pain in a single session for patients. The guiding research question was: Will participants experience improved positive affect following a music therapy session? In my opinion ,I think the answer is yes. music therapy definitely have a positive effect on patients. In order to prove my point, I made an experiment. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used with nonequivalent control group. The experimental group participated in the music therapy twice a week for 7 weeks while continuing their standard treatment. The control group received nursing care including psychopharmacology, routinely provided in the hospitals. Setting and sample Participants were recruited from the inpatient ward in a psychiatric facility in a metropolitan city with the following inclusion criteria: (a) those who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist based on theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients With Dementia1547 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has long been an interest of mine, it was always used as an escape from reality and can be very therapeutic; with that information I wanted to see if and how music therapy could be used to aide in patients who suffered from dementia. When conducting my own research I ran across an article titled â€Å"Connecting through music: A study of a spousal caregiver-directed music intervention designed to prolong fulfilling relationships in couples where one person has dementia†, this article caught my attentionRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients With Cancer910 Words   |  4 Pagesknown complete music compositions dating from about 2nd century B.C., a n Epitaph believed to have been written by Seikilos himself while still alive. The (Seikilos) Epitaph has been translated from the original Greek of that period as: â€Å"As long as you live, shine feel no grief at all Life is short Life demands its toll† (Pilich). The interesting fact about this composition is that the tempo is expressive of â€Å"religious solemnity† (Pilich). Obviously one can comprehend the fact that music contains notRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Dementia Patients With General Recreational Daily Activities2032 Words   |  9 PagesIn this qualitative randomized clinical study, Vink, Zuidersma, Boersma, de Jonge, Zuidema, and Slaets (2013) illustrate the effects of music therapy on dementia patients with general recreational daily activities. Subjects have chosen dementia patients for this study (n = 94) and they classified into two groups in which one group was specific for music therapy (n = 47), another group allocated from recreational activities (n = 34). Some of the subjects are excluded from the study because subjectRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Anxiety Of Patients With Breast Cancer After Radical Mastectomy1837 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will conduct a critical appraisal of resear ch over â€Å"Effects of music therapy on anxiety of patients with breast cancer after radical mastectomy: a randomized clinical trial† by Li, Wang, Yan, Zhang Zhou published in July 2011. Introduction: Authors, Qualifications, Title, Abstract Xiao- Mei Li, Hong Yan, Kia-Na Zhou, Duo-Lao Wang and Yin-Ping Zhang are the researchers who worked together to create the clinical trial being discussed. Li, Zhou, Yan, Wang, Zhang all possess either PhDsRead MoreMusic Therapy During Post Operative Abdominal And Thoracic Patients1512 Words   |  7 Pages Music Therapy in Post-operative Abdominal and Thoracic Patients Kelsey Milam Azusa Pacific University Music Therapy in Post-operative Abdominal and Thoracic Patients The purpose of this paper is to determine if music therapy is an effective intervention on decreasing the perceived response to pain in post-operative abdominal and thoracic hospitalized patients as compared with those who received pharmaceutical interventions alone. A literature reviewRead MoreMusic Therapy And Stroke : Holly Zhuang1545 Words   |  7 Pages Music Therapy and Stroke Holly Zhuang Wilfrid Laurier University Abstract This Literary review examines the theme of how musical elements and different interventions in music therapy sessions positively impact post stroke patients. Also, how music therapy helps patients achieve their short term and long-term goals in rehabilitation with an interdisciplinary team. In this literary review there are five summaries of journal articles related to the benefits of music therapy for patientsRead MoreEffectiveness of Music Therapy Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesMusic is composed of sounds intertwined with melody and rhythm that can have powerful effects on a person. It can help people focus on tasks or calm the mind. Research has shown that music has beneficial effects on the mind, body, and health of a person. A journal article by Rastogi, Solanki, and Zafar (2013) refers, on the contrary, to: ‘Controlled use of music and its influence on the human being in physiological, psychological, and emotional integration of the individual during treatment of anRead MoreTheory of Music and its Effects on Health and Wellness900 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Music and its Effects on Health and Wellness Chronic diseases are a problem for the mind and body. Not only are chronic diseases harmful to the body, they take a toll on a person’s psychological wellbeing. Depression, anxiety, and stress are the most common problems associated with chronic diseases. They are harmful to the body and inhibit recovery. However, the theory of music has been proven to decrease stress, depression, and contribute to improved health. Patients with chronic diseasesRead MoreReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. Slow and methodical music slows the brain waves and helps the muscles in our body to relax, reducing muscle pain (Coleman). A significant amount of today’s population also experiences depression in some shape way or form and music therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful ways to help patients cope with depr ession. â€Å"Individual music therapy combined with standardRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as an â€Å"established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals†. Studies have shown that there are clear benefits from listening to or playing music, but research over the last decade proves music can be used to heal in the medical field. Dementia and other neurological disorders have no cure, only treatments to lessen the symptoms

Principles of Organizational Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Organizational Behaviour. Answer: The purpose of this essay is to give detail account of relation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment. It will give detail about one service organization and how several factors have influenced job satisfaction at the organisation. It will mention specific factors influences job commitment. It will explain it by relevant example supervisors management style. CARE Australia is an Australian non-profit humanitarian aid agency which assists in disaster management and addresses the problem of global poverty in developed countries. It is a part of 12 member committee of CARE International. It is one of the worlds largest emergency aid and developmental assistance organization. It was founded by former Prime Minister of Australia, Malcolm Fraser in 1987. Their primary vision is to create a world of tolerance and social justice where people have overcome poverty and they live in dignity and security. Their employees are committed to ending poverty and maintaining dignity of people. Their vision is to serve the poorest communities in the world. They draw strength from global diversity, resources and experience to get innovative solutions to poverty (CARE Australia 2016). Job satisfaction is the degree of contentment that employees feel towards their jobs. It can be influenced by several factors like persons ability to meet job responsibility, level of communication in organization and the way organization treats their employees. In organizational behaviour context, organizational commitment is the individual employees psychological attachment with the organization. The more attached they are with the organization, the better they will perform. Organizational commitment study is the basis for predicting other work variable like turnover, employees performance and employee behaviour in organization. Quality of leadership, level of employee empowerment, job insecurity and employability are the factors that highly affect workers sense of organizational commitment (Mowday 2013). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment is also an important factor in CARE Australia as they will be able to achieve their goals of serving the community only when they ar e committed to the vision of the company. It will enable them to pursue the goal of organization with maximum effort and passion. Researchers have shown the perceived relationship between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance. They investigated the impact of job satisfaction and job performance on organizational commitment. In one study, researchers studied the behaviour of 200 employees in Turkey after completion of standardized questionnaire on job satisfaction and job commitment. They performed regression analysis to determine the validity of result. The result showed that positive relation exists between job satisfaction and performance and organizational commitment has strong impact on employees attitude towards work. It highlighted the importance of giving enough job security to employees so that overall production of organization increases and they reach new goals in their service delivery. This approach would also help in decreasing the rate of absenteeism and employee turnover in organization (Cheema et al. 2014). The happier the employees are with the employer the better attitudes they hold towards work. Again, a company, which motivates its employees and encourage new idea, is seen to progress rapidly due to the better performance of the employees with lots of dedication and to come up with new innovative and promising ideas. Job satisfaction, therefore, plays a crucial role for the better performance of the employees. Commitment towards organization depends on upon the work environment, a scope for promotions and incentives and salaries payable (Wyer and Srull 2014). Researchers have shown that organizational commitments predict certain variables such as organizational citizenship, absenteeism, work performance and turnover. If the management appreciates the initiatives of the employees, then it will enhance the commitment and the positive attitude towards the company. Better organizational commitment reduces absenteeism and improves job satisfaction (Malott and Shane 2015). Staff turnover is a significant threat to organizational commitment. The management needs to discover the causes of the job frustration and low morality of the employees as it affects their efficiency and productivity A company must always aim to achieve organizational commitment, which is referred to the identification of the employees' involvement in the company. It is ensured by ascertaining three factors that the employees have accepted the goals and values of the company; secondly, their willingness and capabilities to achieve such goals and values and finally, their love for the company and their strong desire to remain in the company. The attitudes of the employees have a direct impact on all the aspects of the company. Studies show that a company is incapable of attaining its goals and values if it does not possess a team of committed employees (Wilson 2013). Employees at CARE Australia have been influenced by changing workforce, societal change, technology and globalization. Amidst all this adversities, Care Australia has managed to look after the needs of the employees so that they respect the mission of the organization. They had to face several challenges due to dynamic nature of work environment. They have facilitated lasting change by strengthening capacity for help in job, providing better job opportunity and growth, addressing discrimination in all forms and implementing policies related job commitment at all level (CARE Australia. 2016). The work at Care Australia is very dynamic. It is evident from their different long-term project for employee development. They have implemented program such as Agriculture and food security to help families produce more food and increase their income, education programme that supports the community to overcome social barriers in education, nutrition programmes that addresses malnutrition, water, sanitation and environmental health program and many others. Seeing the dynamic nature of job at CARE Australia, satisfying employees is a challenging job for them. Their efficiency may get hamper due to this factors. CARE Australia try to give better working condition to employees (CARE Australia. 2016). Globalization has made the market scenario very unpredictable and dynamic. Hence, CARE Australia had to handle issues like cross training, widened job scope, personnel management, and interdepartmental communication. They even need to work in such a way that the companies will excel in quantity as well as quality but at a reduced cost (Kersiene and Savaneviciene 2015). Employees at Care Australia have gained from global market opportunity as it has given them the chance to work with maximum accessibility to resource. Global threat has invited new level of competition among employees of Care Australia and it has pushed them to excel despite presence of several competitors in market. The management at Care Australia must be well versed with the capabilities of the employees. This will help them to gel with the employees who in turn will bring happiness and dedication in the minds of the employees, and they will become ready to face and tackle any challenges that are being faced by the management (Borkowski 2015). CARE Australia has efficiently used technology to enhance their performance and extending their support to a wider community. This has further enhanced employees commitment to CARE Australia. Accurate use of technological tools have enable staffs at CARE Australia to deliver life saving assistance and bring long lasting change to poor community in the world. Excellent service delivery has been possible because of talented, passionate and committed employees. Gender equality and women empowerment is central to CAREs program for effective poverty management (Elias et al. 2012). External factors such as modernization of technologies have made the work easier and by establishing a new equilibrium in the work structure. With the advent of new companies in the market, there is a steep rise in competition in the market with new products and new demands of the consumers. Thus, the existing buyers needed to realize the demands of the consumers and adjust to the situation. Social changes such as urbanization, education reshaped the workforce and their nature of work. Political and legal changes affected the operations of the organization compelling them to operate within the parameter of the legal sanctions (Felcio et al. 2013). On the other hand, internal forces such as conflicts in an organization such as hostile working environment or employment dissatisfaction initiate an unhealthy relationship between the employer and the employee that causes low productivity, poor service to consumers, increasing employee turnovers, absenteeism and other harassments in the wo rkplace. The management styles are generally, influenced by the local culture. Different nations have different working cultures such as China gives importance to the leadership quality of the managers whereas in Norway managers focus co-operations and consensus approaches while making decisions. Job characteristics theory recognizes five core characteristics. They are the variety of the skills and talents that an employee needs to develop as per the job requirement, the intensity of the employees to complete the task with visible results, the degree of effectiveness of the task on the lives of other people, the degree by which the job guarantees the employees with discretion to plan their job and the degree to which the employees are aware of the results (Borkowski 2015). The Chief Executive of Care Australia, Luise Gray has played a key role in the success of services of the organization. She owns the responsibility of human resources, business support, and finance and information communication technology. Her motivational leadership style has helped the company to prosper. She looks after all the aspects of company services and ensures that all employees perform to the best of their ability. She listens to their problem and has managed to give them enough job security so that they are extremely committed to the organization. Her endeavour has helped the employees to live the vision and fulfil the mission of the company while maintaining core values (CARE Australia. 2016). From the essay, it can be concluded that positive attitude towards work is crucial to the sustenance of business and service in organization. Organization should provide a healthy and competitive environment relevant to the basic needs of the employees to decrease absenteeism and employee turnover rate in organizations. It emphasizes the role of managers in organization to consciously work to build and sustain good employee relationship. This is the basis for commitment to the work and satisfying employees. References Borkowski, N., 2015.Organizational behavior in health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. CARE Australia. (2016).CARE Australia - defending dignity, fighting poverty. [online] Available at: https://www.care.org.au/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. CARE Australia. (2016).Mission vision - CARE Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.care.org.au/who-we-are/mission-vision/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. CARE Australia. (2016).Staff Board - CARE Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.care.org.au/who-we-are/staff-board/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2016]. Cheema, S., Imran, H., Arif, I., and Azeem, M., 2014. Relationship between job satisfaction, job performance, attitude towards work, and organizational commitment.Entrepreneurship and innovation management journal,2(2), pp.135-144. Elias, S.M., Smith, W.L. and Barney, C.E., 2012. Age as a moderator of attitude towards technology in the workplace: work motivation and overall job satisfaction.Behaviour Information Technology,31(5), pp.453-467. Felcio, J.A., Gonalves, H.M. and da Conceio Gonalves, V., 2013. Social value and organizational performance in non-profit social organizations: Social entrepreneurship, leadership, and socioeconomic context effects.Journal of Business Research,66(10), pp.2139-2146. Kersiene, K. and Savaneviciene, A., 2015. The Formation and Management of Organizational Competence Based on CrossCultural Perspective.Engineering Economics,65(5). Malott, R. and Shane, J.T., 2015.Principles of behavior. Psychology Press. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Wilson, F.M., 2013.Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Wyer Jr, R.S. and Srull, T.K., 2014.Handbook of Social Cognition: Volume 2: Applications. Psychology Press.

Manners In Language Essays - Language Acquisition, Multilingualism

Manners In Language Manners In Language Is there a certain way that we must talk? Yes and no. The way we talk could depend on a situation that we are in or where we are located, at work or home. We should enforce speaking English to everyone that doesn't already speak it. Also because it is a type of manner we all should follow so there is no type of mis communication in our daily lives. We already have many different ways we are supposed to do things. Should we have more? For example, everyone in the United States is supposed to be aware of which fork is used for each course of the meal. I don't know this is so because there are many people I know who don't have a clue there is even a separate fork for salad. This may lower someone's opinion of them, but should it bother them if it does lower their opinions. Hopefully not, because there is not a law that tells anyone how we have talk or eat, but it is just to help us out. Having certain manners helps us fit in and understand everyone else a little better. We need to speak a special language because it's proper and politically correct. Proper and politically correct meaning, this language is appropriate for everyone to listen to. So many people think speaking the same language will make people feel much more comfortable. If everyone spoke English, the language of the United States, will we all understand each other? No, not exactly because there are so many different types of languages in our country today. The correct language that should be used is English. In Mirta Ojito's article ?Language Etiquette. Say What she explains ?The etiquette issue brings up some of Americans' most deeply rooted anxieties about language. The chief one: that someone is saying something about them in a language they do not understand and that is not very nice?(29). Agreeing with Ojito's statement, it is very annoying when you here someone talking a separate language and you don't know what they are saying. This is why we should understand one language, just English. Even in English alone there are many different terms that people do not understand. But in general we still understand the idea. For example, cuttin the rug many of the younger generations may not understand this phrase. Just in case some of us don't know, it means to dance. This is just one example that teenagers may not understand. Teenagers and children also have their own language now. A mother may ask her child what he did tonight. The child's reply just chilled. More than likely the mother knows he wasn't sitting in the cold or anything, but does she really know and understand what he means. Though there is no dictionary for my definition of ?just chilled? it is just the meaning a young adult. He/she could be saying they went to a friend's house and just sat around or they went to a movie. Teens just know what just chilled means. There really isn't a Webster definition for that phrase along with many others. It is the ir special language. There are a lot of different cultures in the United States. So should everyone else accommodate to everyone needs? Just to make it easier to communicate for everyone. From the article Ojito states ? In New York, where nearly 3 million people claimed in the 1990 Census a native language that was not English?(Ojito29). This proves not everyone speaks the same language. Many people in the United States speaking a language other than English, should suggest to us that we need to enforce a specific language. But why should everyone in the United States, that speaks English learn another language. The people speaking any other language should learn our native language, English. With the exceptions, anyone speaking another language should be given the opportunity to speak their native language. They may speak it during their own conversations . In Brooklyn two co-workers were talking outside across the street and were fired for speaking their native language(Ojito29). Should the employer have gone to that extent? We don't have all the details, but if